中国大学mooc慕课学术阅读策略(武汉理工大学) 答案

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句内关系阅读策略（线上） 测试一

1、 下列哪个词的含义是“强调”：

A:underlying
B:unconsolidated
C: undergo
D: underscore
答案:  underscore

2、 下列哪个词的含义是“空前的”：

A:unprecedented
B:unpredictable
C:unsubstantiated
D:untapped
答案: unprecedented 

3、 下面哪个词的含义是“最高的”：

A:utmost
B:uppermost
C:utter
D:highlight
答案: uppermost 

4、 下面哪个词的意思是“空闲的”

A:vaccum
B:vacate
C:vacant
D:vaccine
答案: vacant 

5、 下面哪个词的意思是“变量”

A:varied
B:viable
C: variant
D: variable
答案:  variable

6、 下面哪个词的意思是“脊椎动物”

A:rodent
B:vertebrate
C:reptile
D:prey
答案: vertebrate 

7、 By virtue of 的含义是：

A:由于，凭借
B:美德是…
C:优点为…
D:尽管
答案: 由于，凭借 

8、 下面有一个单词和别的单词不是近义词，请选出：

A:withdraw
B:withstand
C:retreat
D:recede
答案: withstand 

9、 下面有一个单词和别的单词不是近义词，请选出：

A:versatile
B:competent
C:votile
D: talented
答案: votile 

10、 The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its ______ provisions，but in its broader impact: it made the king subject to the law.

A:revolutionary
B:specific
C:implicit
D:controversial
答案: specific

11、 Unlike the oligosaccharins（寡聚糖素）, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants.请根据上下文猜一猜，pleiotropic的词义是什么？

A:破坏性
B: 单一性
C:无效性
D:多效性
答案: 多效性

12、 Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. 本句强调的部分在哪里？

A:rather 前面
B:rather 后面
C:-
D:-
答案: rather 后面

13、 While the delegate clearly sought to ______the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.

A: substantiate
B:dampen
C:encourage
D:elucidate
答案: dampen

14、 In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include,but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series or categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. ……问题：The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied pre-industrial Europe did which of the following?

A:failed to make distinctions among members of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
B:used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature
C:inaccurately estimated the influence of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
D:confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population
答案: confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population

15、 The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. 问题：If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?______

A:Concentrate your advertising firmly on financially relevant issues such as price discounts and efficiency of operation.
B:Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.
C:Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.
D:Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.
答案: Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.

句间关系阅读策略（线上） 测试二

1、 下面哪个词表示“称赞”

A:Exclaim
B: acclaim
C:declaim
D:reclaim
答案:  acclaim 

2、 下面哪个词的意思是“和谐”

A:Accord
B:account
C: accomplished
D: concord
答案:  concord 

3、 下面哪个词是“collect”的近义词：

A:accumulate
B:account
C: abraise
D: abstract
答案: accumulate 

4、 下面哪个词是“blame”的近义词：

A:Accustom
B: accuse
C:acute
D:acoustic
答案:  accuse 

5、 Adhesion 的意思是

A:综合
B: 理解
C: 粘连
D: 分离
答案:  粘连 

6、 Adolescence 的意思是

A:中年期
B:老年期
C: 婴儿期
D: 青春期
答案:  青春期 

7、 下面哪个词的意思是“负面的，不利的”

A:Adverse
B: advent
C: advance
D: adhere
答案: Adverse 

8、 Aesthetics 试下面哪个意思

A:认知学
B: 建筑学

C: 人类学

D: 美学

答案:  美学

9、 Afflict 对应下面哪个词的意思

A:Conflict
B: afford
C: torture
D: infect
答案:  torture 

10、 下面哪个词的意思是“聚合物”

A:Aggravate
B: aggressive
C: alleviate
D: aggregate
答案:  aggregate 

11、 Analogy的意思是

A:类比
B:比喻
C: 拟人
D: 暗喻
答案: 类比 

12、 下面哪个词的意思和其他的不同

A:Ancestor
B:forefather
C:offspring
D: forebear
答案: offspring

13、 下面哪个词是与医学不相关的

A:Anatomy
B: anthropology
C:antibiotics
D: amnesia
答案:  anthropology 

14、 Appropriate 用作动词时的含义是

A:适合
B: 匹配
C:形成
D: 占用
答案:  占用 

15、 下面表示“任意的”词是：

A:Absurd
B:articulate
C: artificial
D:arbitrary
答案: arbitrary

16、 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, and that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?

A:The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.
B:Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.
C:Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.
D:The psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.
E:History is composed of unique and nonrepeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence.
答案: The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.

17、 It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually

A:views past events as complex and having their own individuality
B:relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events
C:interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended
D:turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events (E) relies strictly on data that are concrete and quantifiable
答案: views past events as complex and having their own individuality

18、 It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psychohistorians probably prevent them from

A:presenting their material in chronological order
B:producing a one-sided picture of an individual’s personality and motivations
C:uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions
D:offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events
E:recognizing connections between a government’s political actions and the aspirations of government leaders
答案: uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions

19、 The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

A:What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?
B:When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional history first established?
C:When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical developments appropriate?
D:What sort of historical figure is best suited for psychohistorical analysis?
E:What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?
答案: What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?

20、 The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?

A:The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.
B:Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.
C:Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.
D:Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.
E:Analysis is focused on group behavior rather than on particular events in an individual’s life.
答案: Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.